Chapter 1: Applying for Citizenship
You must be a permanent resident to apply
Usually need 3 years (1,095 days) of physical presence in Canada
Must file income taxes if required
Must show language ability in English or French (ages 18–54)
Must pass the citizenship test (ages 18–54)
Chapter 2: Rights and Responsibilities of Citizenship
Rights
Vote in elections
Run for political office
Freedom of expression, religion, and assembly
Equality before the law
Mobility rights (live/work anywhere in Canada)
Responsibilities
Obey the law
Vote in elections
Pay taxes
Serve on a jury if called
Help protect Canada’s heritage and environment
Chapter 3: Who We Are
Canada has Indigenous peoples: First Nations, Métis, and Inuit
English and French are official languages
Canada is a multicultural society
Indigenous treaties are important to Canada’s history
Immigration has shaped modern Canada
Chapter 4: Canada’s History
Indigenous peoples lived in Canada long before Europeans
French and British settlers shaped early Canada
Confederation: 1867
Canada gradually gained independence from Britain
Canada fought in World Wars I and II
The Constitution was patriated in 1982
Chapter 5: Modern Canada
Canada is a constitutional monarchy
A parliamentary democracy
The Charter of Rights and Freedoms (1982) protects rights
Canada supports democracy, peace, and human rights
Equality between men and women is guaranteed
Chapter 6: How Canadians Govern Themselves
King is the Head of State
Governor General represents the King
Prime Minister is Head of Government
Parliament has:
House of Commons (elected MPs)
Senate (appointed)
Provinces and territories have their own governments
Chapter 7: Federal Elections
Elections held at least every 5 years
Voting age: 18+, must be a Canadian citizen
Vote by secret ballot
Canada uses a first-past-the-post system
Elections are run by Elections Canada
Chapter 8: The Justice System
Everyone is innocent until proven guilty
Everyone has the right to a fair trial
Police enforce the law
Judges are independent
The Supreme Court is the highest court
Chapter 9: Canadian Symbols
National flag: Red and white Maple Leaf
National anthem: O Canada
National animal: Beaver
Official colours: Red and white
National sports: Hockey (winter) and Lacrosse (summer)
Chapter 10: Canada’s Economy & Regions
Canada has 10 provinces and 3 territories
Regions:
Atlantic
Central Canada
Prairie Provinces
West Coast
Northern Territories
Economy includes:
Natural resources
Manufacturing
Services
Canada trades heavily with the United States