At the federal level in Canada, the Governor General gives Royal Assent to bills passed by both the House of Commons and the Senate, formally making them laws. This is a key part of Canada’s constitutional monarchy, where the Crown’s representative enacts legislation approved by Parliament.

Canada’s government is a constitutional monarchy (with the King as Head of State), a parliamentary democracy (with elected representatives making decisions), and a federal state (with powers shared between federal and provincial/territorial governments). This combination ensures shared power, citizen representation, and rule of law.

Canada’s Parliament has three parts: the King (represented by the Governor General), the Senate, and the House of Commons. Together, they create, review, and approve laws, ensuring a balanced system of government with representation, oversight, and constitutional authority.

The Constitution of Canada is the highest law in the country. It defines the powers of government, protects citizens’ rights, and establishes the framework for Canada’s legal and political system, meaning all other laws must conform to it.

The rule of law means that no one is above the law, including government officials and leaders. It ensures fairness, accountability, and protection of individual rights, forming a cornerstone of Canada’s democratic system.

The Prime Minister is the head of the federal government in Canada. They set government priorities, choose Cabinet ministers, guide legislation, and make key policy decisions, providing overall leadership and direction for the country.

In a federal election, Canadians vote for a candidate to represent their local riding in the House of Commons. The candidate who wins becomes a Member of Parliament (MP), and the party with the most MPs typically forms the government.

In Canada, Senators are appointed by the Governor General based on the Prime Minister’s recommendations. This ensures that the Senate can review and provide “sober second thought” on legislation while representing regions, minorities, and other interests across the country.

Members of Parliament (MPs) represent the interests and concerns of the people in their electoral district (riding) in the House of Commons. They participate in debates, propose and vote on laws, and help constituents with federal issues, acting as a bridge between citizens and the government.

The Governor General represents the King in Canada at the federal level. They perform constitutional and ceremonial duties, such as giving Royal Assent to laws, opening Parliament, and ensuring that Canada’s government operates according to the Constitution.

A federal electoral district in Canada is commonly called a riding. Each riding elects one Member of Parliament (MP) to represent its residents in the House of Commons, ensuring local representation in the federal government.

The Cabinet is made up of Ministers selected by the Prime Minister who each head a federal department or agency. Together, they develop policies, propose laws, and make key decisions for the federal government, acting as the main executive body.

In Canada, a federal election must be held at least every five years according to the Constitution. This ensures that the government remains accountable to the people and allows citizens to choose their representatives regularly.

After a federal election, the party that wins the most seats in the House of Commons forms the government. Its leader becomes Prime Minister and selects the Cabinet to run federal departments and implement policies.

The Prime Minister selects Cabinet ministers from among the elected Members of Parliament and sometimes Senators. These ministers head federal departments, develop policies, and implement the government’s agenda, forming the central decision-making team of the executive branch.

The Governor General acts as the King’s representative in Canada. Their duties include giving Royal Assent to bills, opening and closing sessions of Parliament, and performing ceremonial roles, ensuring that Canada’s constitutional monarchy functions according to law.

In Canada, citizens must be at least 18 years old to vote in a federal election. This ensures that voters are legally considered adults and able to make informed decisions about their representatives in government.

Opposition parties in Canada hold the government accountable by questioning policies, scrutinizing proposed laws, and offering alternative solutions. This ensures a healthy democracy where government actions are transparent and debated in the House of Commons.

In Canada, the King is the Head of State, symbolizing the continuity and authority of the country’s constitutional monarchy. While the King’s duties in Canada are mostly ceremonial, they are carried out by the Governor General, who acts as the King’s representative.

In Canada, the Prime Minister is the Head of Government. They lead the executive branch, make key policy decisions, oversee Cabinet ministers, and guide the administration of federal laws, while the King (represented by the Governor General) is the Head of State.